INTRODUCTION:

Lantana Camara is the name of a flowering ornamental plant that belongs to the verbenaceae family ¹. It is widely used in a number of traditional medical treatments. It treats a range of diseases. A variety of categories make up its sources of bioactive natural metabolites.^2-4 Tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates all have high heights where Lantana camara can grow^5,6. Lantana camara starts out green, then transitions to purple, and finally takes on a blue-black hue⁸. It is often used as a herbal remedy, and it is also occasionally utilised as mulch and fuel. The leaves' oil is used as an antiseptic for scars, while the roots are used to treat toothaches ^7-9. Nematicidal, insecticidal, fungicidal, and antibacterial properties can all be found in lantana leaves. The lantana plant has been found to contain verbascoside, which has characteristics that are antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer.

Lantana oil is applied externally to treat scabies and leprosy and is used as an antibiotic for wounds and to soothe itchy skin. Additionally, plant extracts are used in traditional medicine to treat diseases like cancer, chicken pox, dermatitis, tetanus, ulcers, swellings, high blood pressure, and rheumatoid arthritis ^10–13.

Fig.1: Lantana Camara

Scientific name – Lantana Camara Linn.

Synonyms – Lantana scabrida, Camera vulgaris

Common name– Sleeper weed, wildsage, lantana,

Taxonomic position– class: Magnoliopsida,

Division: Magnoliophyta,

Order: Lamiales

Family: Verbenaceae

Phytochemicals:

Lantana camara has the potential to be utilised as a medication since it contains a variety of natural phytochemicals. Most of these bioactive substances, containing flavonoids, flavones, and anthocyanin Alkaloids, catechins, lignans, isocatechine coumarins, tannins, and Their action is caused by saponins and triterpenoids.⁷

Table No. 1: Table showing phytoconstituents with its pharmacological activity

Pharmacological activity	Phytochemical constituents
Anti-cancer	Oleanonic acid, lantadene B
Antimutagenic	22β-acetoxylantic acid, 22β dimethylacryloxylantanolic acid
Antimycobacterial	Linaroside and lantanoside
Nematicidal	Lantalinic acid, Lantoic acid, camarin, lancin, camarinin and ursolic acid,
Antiinflammatory/ Antimicrobial	Ursolic acid
Antioxidant	Lantadene A, oleanonic acid and lantanilic acid

Pharmacological activity:

1)Anti-cancer activity- Oleanonic acid, the active ingredient, was isolated from Lantana camara and evaluated for its ability to inhibit the growth of three types of human cancer cell lines: A375 Hep2, Hep2 (epidermoid laryngeal carcinoma), and U937 (lymphoma) are examples of malignant cutaneous melanoma. Oleanonic acid showed promise in terms of its ability to kill A375 cells¹⁴.

Fig. 2: Olenonic acid

2) Antimutagenic Activity- The 22-acetoxylantic acid and 22-dimethylacryloyloxylantanolic acids of the lantana camara plant, respectively, were discovered to have antimutagenic qualities. Geneva mice were utilised in the anti-mutagenicity micronucleus test. Both substances displayed strong antimutagenic activity in mice that had been given mitomycin c to induce mutagenesis¹⁵.

3) Antimycobacterial activity –Isolated flavonoid of L. camara's shows antimycobacterial action against Mycobacterium TB, which contain lantanoside and linaroside as well as their acetyl (53 acetyl derivative)¹⁶

Fig. 3: Linaroside

4) Nematicidal Activity: Lantanilic acid, camaric acid, and oleanolic acid were obtained from the methanolic extract of the aerial sections of L. camara that displayed nematicidal effect. These substances had relative mortality rates of 98%, 95%, and 70% for the root-knot nematode. Meloidogyne and camarinic acid showed 90, 85%, and 100% mortality, respectively, when applied at 1% concentration against the root-knot nematode M. incognita.^17,18

Fig.4: Camarin

5) Anti-inflammatory activity –Lantana camara extract's shows anti-inflammatory activities, which are well tolerated by albino rats. In a test on rats with carrageenan-induced paw oedema, the the amount of paw volume was dramatically reduced after extract treatment (500 mg/kg body weight) ¹⁹.

Fig. 5: Ursolic Acid

6) Antioxidant Activity: Using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, the antioxidant activity of a methanolic extract of Lantana Camara aerial parts, its fractions, and its purified components (oleanolic acid, lantadene A, and Lantanilic acid) were evaluated. With an EC50 value of 375 g/ml, the methanolic extract displayed 67% DPPH free radical inhibition^20,21.

Fig. 6: Lantadene A

CONCLUSION:

Lantana camera is one of the potentially active plant with wide varieties of pharmacological activity. Lantana camera shows antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, Antitumor activities, fungicidal, Insecticidal and nematicidal activity. The phytochemicals present in it like flavonoids, anthocyanin isoflavones, lignans, isocatechine, coumarins. This study is beneficial in future of further development of formulations containing Lantana camera.

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Received on 30.05.2023 Modified on 18.07.2023

Res. J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochem. 2023; 15(4):324-326.

DOI: 10.52711/0975-4385.2023.00051